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= 11.6. tempfile — توليد الملفات والمجلدات المؤقتة =
= 11.6. tempfile — توليد الملفات والمجلدات المؤقتة =
الشيفرة المصدرية: Lib/tempfile.py
[https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.7/Lib/tempfile.py الشيفرة المصدرية]
----تُنشئ هذه الوحدة ملفات ومجلدات مؤقتة، وتعمل على جميع المنصات المدعومة.
----تُنشئ هذه الوحدة ملفات ومجلدات مؤقتة، وتعمل على جميع المنصات المدعومة في بايثون، وتقدم الواجهات التالية <code>TemporaryFile</code> و <code>NamedTemporaryFile</code> و <code>TemporaryDirectory</code> و <code>SpooledTemporaryFile</code>  كواجهات عالية المستوى تدعم عملية تنظيف تلقائية ويمكن استخدامها كمدير سياق context manager، كما تقدم الوحدة تابعين <code>mkstemp</code> و <code>mkdtemp</code> منخفضي المستوى يحتاجان إلى التنظيف اليدوي بعد استخدامهما.
 
وتُعتبر الواجهات التالية TemporaryFile و NamedTemporaryFile و TemporaryDirectory و SpooledTemporaryFile  واجهات عالية المستوى، وتقدم عملية تنظيف تلقائية ويمكن استخدامها لإدارة السياق.
 
أما التابعان mkstemp() و mkdtemp() فهما تابعان منخفضا المستوى يحتاجان إلى تنظيف يدوي.
 
This module creates temporary files and directories. It works on all supported platforms. TemporaryFile, NamedTemporaryFile, TemporaryDirectory, and SpooledTemporaryFile are high-level interfaces which provide automatic cleanup and can be used as context managers. mkstemp() and mkdtemp() are lower-level functions which require manual cleanup.
 
إن جميع التوابع والبواني القابلة للاستدعاء من قبل المستخدم يمكنها أن تأخذ وسطاء إضافية تسمح بالتحكم المباشر بموقع واسم الملف أو المجلد المؤقت.
 
تتضمن أسماء الملفات المستخدمة في هذه الوحدة سلاسل نصية من محارف عشوائية بما يسمح لهذه الملفات بأن تُنشأ بأمان ضمن مجلد مؤقت مشترك.
 
للحفاظ على التكامل مع النسخ السابقة، فإن ترتيب الوسطاء صار غريبًا نوعًا ما، ومن المستحسن استخدام الوسطاء ذات الكلمات المفتاحية للوضوح.
 
تعرّف هذه الوحدة العناصر التالية القابلة للاستدعاء من قبل المستخدم:
 
All the user-callable functions and constructors take additional arguments which allow direct control over the location and name of temporary files and directories. Files names used by this module include a string of random characters which allows those files to be securely created in shared temporary directories. To maintain backward compatibility, the argument order is somewhat odd; it is recommended to use keyword arguments for clarity.
 
The module defines the following user-callable items:
 
tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode='w+b', buffering=None, encoding=None, newline=None, suffix=None, prefix=None, dir=None)
 
يقوم هذا التابع بإرجاع كائنٍ يشبه الملف يُمكن استخدامه كمساحة تخزين مؤقتة، ويتم إنشاؤه بشكل آمن وبنفس القواعد التي يتبعها التابع mkstemp(). ويتم تدمير هذا الملف فور إغلاقه (متضمّنا عملية الإغلاق الضمنية التي تحدث عندما يتم حذف الكائن باستخدام مُلملم النفايات)
 
Return a file-like object that can be used as a temporary storage area. The file is created securely, using the same rules as mkstemp(). It will be destroyed as soon as it is closed (including an implicit close when the object is garbage collected).
 
في نظام يونكس، لا يتم إنشاء قيد للمجلد أبدًا، أو أن القيد يتم حذفه فور إنشاء الملف، إلا أن المنصات الأخرى لا تدعم ذلك، ويجب ألا تعتمد في شيفرتك البرمجية على ملف مؤقت أُنشئ باستخدام هذا التابع بحيث يملك أو لا يملك اسمًا ظاهرًا في نظام الملفات.
 
Under Unix, the directory entry for the file is either not created at all or is removed immediately after the file is created. Other platforms do not support this; your code should not rely on a temporary file created using this function having or not having a visible name in the file system.
 
يمكن استخدام الكائن الناتج كمدير للسياق (context manger) كما يظهر في الأمثلة، حيث يتم حذف الملف المؤقت من نظام الملفات عند إتمام السياق أو تدمير كائن الملف.
 
The resulting object can be used as a context manager (see Examples). On completion of the context or destruction of the file object the temporary file will be removed from the filesystem.
 
يعبر الوسيط mode عن وضعية فتح الملف، ويأخذ القيمة الافتراضية 'w+b' حيث يُستخدم الملف المُنشأ للقراءة والكتابة دون إغلاقه. يُستخدم الوضع الثنائي (Binary mode) لكي يكون سلوك الملف مستقرًّا ومتشابها على جميع المنصات بغض النظر عن نوعية البيانات المخزنة. ويتم التعامل مع الوسطاء buffering و encoding و newline كما يتعامل معها التابع open().
 
The mode parameter defaults to 'w+b' so that the file created can be read and written without being closed. Binary mode is used so that it behaves consistently on all platforms without regard for the data that is stored.buffering, encoding and newline are interpreted as for open().
 
أما الوسطاء dir و prefix و suffix فلها نفس المعنى والقيمة الافتراضية الموجودة في التابع mkstemp().
 
The dir, prefix and suffix parameters have the same meaning and defaults as with mkstemp().
 
الكائن المُنشأ من هذا الباني هو كائن ملف حقيقي في منصات POSIX، أما في منصات أخرى فهو كائن شبه ملف ???
 
The returned object is a true file object on POSIX platforms. On other platforms, it is a file-like object whose file attribute is the underlying true file object.
 
<nowiki>****************</nowiki>
 
<nowiki>****************</nowiki>
 
The os.O_TMPFILE flag is used if it is available and works (Linux-specific, requires Linux kernel 3.11 or later).
 
Changed in version 3.5: The os.O_TMPFILE flag is now used if available.
 
tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+b', buffering=None, encoding=None, newline=None, suffix=None, prefix=None, dir=None, delete=True)
 
This function operates exactly as TemporaryFile() does, except that the file is guaranteed to have a visible name in the file system (on Unix, the directory entry is not unlinked). That name can be retrieved from the name attribute of the returned file-like object. Whether the name can be used to open the file a second time, while the named temporary file is still open, varies across platforms (it can be so used on Unix; it cannot on Windows NT or later). If delete is true (the default), the file is deleted as soon as it is closed. The returned object is always a file-like object whose file attribute is the underlying true file object. This file-like object can be used in a with statement, just like a normal file.
 
tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile(max_size=0, mode='w+b', buffering=None, encoding=None, newline=None, suffix=None, prefix=None, dir=None)
 
This function operates exactly as TemporaryFile() does, except that data is spooled in memory until the file size exceeds max_size, or until the file’s fileno() method is called, at which point the contents are written to disk and operation proceeds as with TemporaryFile().
 
The resulting file has one additional method, rollover(), which causes the file to roll over to an on-disk file regardless of its size.
 
The returned object is a file-like object whose _file attribute is either an io.BytesIO or io.StringIOobject (depending on whether binary or text mode was specified) or a true file object, depending on whether rollover() has been called. This file-like object can be used in a with statement, just like a normal file.
 
Changed in version 3.3: the truncate method now accepts a size argument.
 
tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(suffix=None, prefix=None, dir=None)
 
This function securely creates a temporary directory using the same rules as mkdtemp(). The resulting object can be used as a context manager (see Examples). On completion of the context or destruction of the temporary directory object the newly created temporary directory and all its contents are removed from the filesystem.
 
The directory name can be retrieved from the name attribute of the returned object. When the returned object is used as a context manager, the name will be assigned to the target of the as clause in the with statement, if there is one.
 
The directory can be explicitly cleaned up by calling the cleanup() method.
 
New in version 3.2.
 
tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=None, prefix=None, dir=None, text=False)
 
Creates a temporary file in the most secure manner possible. There are no race conditions in the file’s creation, assuming that the platform properly implements the os.O_EXCL flag for os.open(). The file is readable and writable only by the creating user ID. If the platform uses permission bits to indicate whether a file is executable, the file is executable by no one. The file descriptor is not inherited by child processes.
 
Unlike TemporaryFile(), the user of mkstemp() is responsible for deleting the temporary file when done with it.
 
If suffix is not None, the file name will end with that suffix, otherwise there will be no suffix. mkstemp() does not put a dot between the file name and the suffix; if you need one, put it at the beginning of suffix.
 
If prefix is not None, the file name will begin with that prefix; otherwise, a default prefix is used. The default is the return value of gettempprefix() or gettempprefixb(), as appropriate.
 
If dir is not None, the file will be created in that directory; otherwise, a default directory is used. The default directory is chosen from a platform-dependent list, but the user of the application can control the directory location by setting the TMPDIR, TEMP or TMP environment variables. There is thus no guarantee that the generated filename will have any nice properties, such as not requiring quoting when passed to external commands via os.popen().
 
If any of suffix, prefix, and dir are not None, they must be the same type. If they are bytes, the returned name will be bytes instead of str. If you want to force a bytes return value with otherwise default behavior, pass suffix=b<nowiki>''</nowiki>.
 
If text is specified, it indicates whether to open the file in binary mode (the default) or text mode. On some platforms, this makes no difference.
 
mkstemp() returns a tuple containing an OS-level handle to an open file (as would be returned by os.open()) and the absolute pathname of that file, in that order.
 
Changed in version 3.5: suffix, prefix, and dir may now be supplied in bytes in order to obtain a bytes return value. Prior to this, only str was allowed. suffix and prefix now accept and default to None to cause an appropriate default value to be used.
 
tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix=None, prefix=None, dir=None)
 
Creates a temporary directory in the most secure manner possible. There are no race conditions in the directory’s creation. The directory is readable, writable, and searchable only by the creating user ID.
 
The user of mkdtemp() is responsible for deleting the temporary directory and its contents when done with it.
 
The prefix, suffix, and dir arguments are the same as for mkstemp().
 
mkdtemp() returns the absolute pathname of the new directory.
 
Changed in version 3.5: suffix, prefix, and dir may now be supplied in bytes in order to obtain a bytes return value. Prior to this, only str was allowed. suffix and prefix now accept and default to None to cause an appropriate default value to be used.
 
tempfile.gettempdir()
 
Return the name of the directory used for temporary files. This defines the default value for the dir argument to all functions in this module.
 
Python searches a standard list of directories to find one which the calling user can create files in. The list is:
# The directory named by the TMPDIR environment variable.
# The directory named by the TEMP environment variable.
# The directory named by the TMP environment variable.
# A platform-specific location:
#* On Windows, the directories C:\TEMP, C:\TMP, \TEMP, and \TMP, in that order.
#* On all other platforms, the directories /tmp, /var/tmp, and /usr/tmp, in that order.
# As a last resort, the current working directory.
The result of this search is cached, see the description of tempdir below.
 
tempfile.gettempdirb()
 
Same as gettempdir() but the return value is in bytes.
 
New in version 3.5.
 
tempfile.gettempprefix()
 
Return the filename prefix used to create temporary files. This does not contain the directory component.
 
tempfile.gettempprefixb()
 
Same as gettempprefix() but the return value is in bytes.
 
New in version 3.5.
 
The module uses a global variable to store the name of the directory used for temporary files returned by gettempdir(). It can be set directly to override the selection process, but this is discouraged. All functions in this module take a dir argument which can be used to specify the directory and this is the recommended approach.
 
tempfile.tempdir
 
When set to a value other than None, this variable defines the default value for the dir argument to the functions defined in this module.
 
If tempdir is None (the default) at any call to any of the above functions except gettempprefix() it is initialized following the algorithm described in gettempdir().
 
== 11.6.1. Examples ==
Here are some examples of typical usage of the tempfile module:
 
>>>
 
>>> import tempfile
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> create a temporary file and write some data to it
 
>>> fp = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
 
>>> fp.write(b'Hello world!')
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> read data from file
 
>>> fp.seek(0)
 
>>> fp.read()
 
b'Hello world!'
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> close the file, it will be removed
 
>>> fp.close()
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> create a temporary file using a context manager
 
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as fp:
 
...    fp.write(b'Hello world!')
 
...    fp.seek(0)
 
...    fp.read()
 
b'Hello world!'
 
>>>
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> file is now closed and removed
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> create a temporary directory using the context manager
 
>>> with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdirname:
 
...    print('created temporary directory', tmpdirname)
 
>>>
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> directory and contents have been removed
 
== 11.6.2. Deprecated functions and variables ==
A historical way to create temporary files was to first generate a file name with the mktemp() function and then create a file using this name. Unfortunately this is not secure, because a different process may create a file with this name in the time between the call to mktemp() and the subsequent attempt to create the file by the first process. The solution is to combine the two steps and create the file immediately. This approach is used by mkstemp() and the other functions described above.
 
tempfile.mktemp(suffix=<nowiki>''</nowiki>, prefix='tmp', dir=None)
 
Deprecated since version 2.3: Use mkstemp() instead.
 
Return an absolute pathname of a file that did not exist at the time the call is made. The prefix, suffix, and dirarguments are similar to those of mkstemp(), except that bytes file names, suffix=None and prefix=Noneare not supported.
 
Warning
 
Use of this function may introduce a security hole in your program. By the time you get around to doing anything with the file name it returns, someone else may have beaten you to the punch.mktemp() usage can be replaced easily with NamedTemporaryFile(), passing it the delete=Falseparameter:
 
>>>
 
>>> f = NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
 
>>> f.name
 
'/tmp/tmptjujjt'
 
>>> f.write(b"Hello World!\n")
 
13
 
>>> f.close()
 
>>> os.unlink(f.name)
 
>>> os.path.exists(f.name)
 
False
 
=== Table Of Contents ===
* 11.6. tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
** 11.6.1. Examples
** 11.6.2. Deprecated functions and variables
 
==== Previous topic ====
11.5. filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
 
==== Next topic ====
11.7. glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
 
=== This Page ===
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المراجعة الحالية بتاريخ 18:40، 23 سبتمبر 2018

11.6. tempfile — توليد الملفات والمجلدات المؤقتة

الشيفرة المصدرية

تُنشئ هذه الوحدة ملفات ومجلدات مؤقتة، وتعمل على جميع المنصات المدعومة في بايثون، وتقدم الواجهات التالية TemporaryFile و NamedTemporaryFile و TemporaryDirectory و SpooledTemporaryFile  كواجهات عالية المستوى تدعم عملية تنظيف تلقائية ويمكن استخدامها كمدير سياق context manager، كما تقدم الوحدة تابعين mkstemp و mkdtemp منخفضي المستوى يحتاجان إلى التنظيف اليدوي بعد استخدامهما.

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